ATF4 Rabbit Recombinant mAb

Western Blotting

Sample preparation

1. Aspirate media from cultures and Wash the cells with 1X PBS.
2. Lyse cells by adding 1X SDS sample buffer and transfer the extract to a microcentrifuge tube. Keep onice.
3. Sonicate for 10–15 sec to complete cell lysis and shear DNA.
4. Heat a 20 µl sample to 95–100°C for 5 min, then cool on ice.
5. Centrifuge for 5 min (with Microcentrifuge).
6. Load appropriate volumes of samples onto SDS-PAGE gel (loading quantity of protein sample depends on the concentration of extracted proteins).
NOTE: At the same time, please load the pre-stained molecular weight markers to determine molecular weights and verify electrotransfer.
7. Electrotransfer to nitrocellulose/PVDF membrane.

Membrane Blocking and Antibody Incubations

a. Blocking

1. (Optional) After transfer, wash the transferred membrane with TBS for 5 min at room temperature.
2. Incubate the membrane in the blocking buffer for 1 hr at room temperature.
3. Wash three times for 5 min each with TBST.

b. Antibodies Incubation

1. Incubate membrane and primary antibody (at the appropriate dilution and diluent recommended) in a primary antibody dilution buffer with gentle agitation overnight at 4°C.
2. Wash three times for 5 min each with TBST.
3. Incubate membrane with an appropriate second antibodydissolved in the blocking buffer with gentle agitation for 1 hr at room temperature.
4. Wash three times for 5 min each with TBST.
5. Proceed with detection.

Detection of Proteins

1. After antibodies incubation, Wash membrane three times for 5 minutes in TBST.
2. PrepareECL Reagent (or other chromogenic agents/substrate according to your second antibody). Mix well.
3. Incubate substrate with membrane for 1 minute, remove excess solution (membrane remains wet), wrap in plastic and expose to X-ray film.

Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)

Specimen Preparation (forcultured cell lines, IF-IC)

1. Aspirate liquid, then cover cells to a depth of 2–3 mm with 4% formaldehyde diluted in 1X PBS.
NOTE: Formaldehyde is toxic, use only in a fume hood.
2. Fix cells for 15 min at room temperature.
3. Aspirate fixative, rinse three times in 1X PBS for 5 min each.
4. Proceed with Immunostaining.

Immunostaining

1. Add theblocking buffer and incubate for 60 min at RT.
2. Prepare primary antibody diluent in antibody dilution buffer as recommended .
3. Aspirate blocking solution, apply diluted primary antibody.
4. Incubate overnight at 4°C.
5. Rinse three times in 1X PBS for 5 min each.
6. Incubate specimens in fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibody diluted in antibody dilution buffer for 1–2 hr at room temperature in the dark.
7. Rinse three times in 1X PBS for 5 min each.
8. Mount slides usingmounting medium with DAPI and cover with coverslips.
9. For best results, allow mountant to cure overnight at room temperature. For long-term storage, store slides flat at 4°C protected from light.